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MPPHED
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Bhopal

 INFO & TENDER

PLANNING

BASIC DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

In designing waste water collection, treatment and disposal systems, planning generally begins from the final disposal point going backwatds to give an integrated and optimum design to suit the topography and the available hydraulic head, supplemented by pumping if essential. Once the disposal points are tentatively selected, further design is guided by the following basic design considerations :

  • Engineering
  • Environmental
  • Pro
  • Cost

Engineering Considerations

Topographical, engineering and other considerations which figures prominently in project design are noted below:

  1. Design period, stage wise population to be served and expected sewage flow and fluctuations.
  2. Topography of the general area to be served, its slop and terrain. Tentative sites available for treatment plant, pumping stations and disposal works.
  3. Available hydraulic head in the system up to high level in case of disposal to a nearby river or high tide level in case or costal discharge or the level of the irrigation area to be commanded in case of land disposal.
  4. Ground water depth and its seasonal fluctuation affecting construction, sewer infiltration, structural design (uplift considerations).
  5. soil bearing capacity and type of strata expected to be met in construction.
  6. On site disposal facilities, including the possibilities of seggregating the sullage water and sewage and reuse or recycle sullage water within the households.

Environmental Considerations

The environmental and socio-economic impacts of a sewage treatment plant may prove adverse during the operation stage. Therefore, the following aspects should be considered during design:

a) Surface Water Hydrology and Quality
Hydrological considerations affect the location of outfalls to rivers with regard to protection of nearby water supply intake points either upstream or downstream, especially at low conditions in the river. Hydrological consideration also help determine expected dilutions downstream, frequency of floods and drought conditions, flow velocities, times to downstream points of interest navigation etc.

Surface water quality consideration include compliance with treated effluent standards at the discharge point with respect to parameters like BOD, suspended and floating solids, oil and grease, nutrients, coliforms etc. Special consideration may be given to the presence of public bathing ghats downstream. The aquatic ecosystem (including fish) may also need protection in case of rivers through minimum dissolved oxygen downstream. uptake of refractory and persistent substances in the food chain, and protection of other legitimate uses to which the river waters may be put.


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